Bologna Process
The controversies over the Bologna process in Germany also have a principle side, and that concerns the concept and the idea or the philosophy of higher education and particularly of the university. Contrary to the Bologna rhetoric which evokes the spirit of the 'European' university, the values of free inquiry, academic freedom (also for students!), critical thinking, institutional autonomy etc, there is a different picture of the university, of teaching and learning behind the 'Lisbonised' Bologna system which belies the Sunday speeches. That is a picture of prescribed modularised curricula, developed and organised by professional curriculum developers, a rationalised system of counting credits, hours, 'workload' (load!), controlled by quality assurance experts under the umbrella of European Bologna superstructures.