Uncertainty is the degree to which available choices or the outcomes of possible alternatives are free from constraints

How is this realated to

• experience curve
• learning curve
• improvement curve

William J. Paisley moved from information needs/uses toward strong guidelines for information system. He studied the theories of information-processing behavior that will generate propositions concerning channel selection; amount of seeking; effects on productivity of information quality, quantity, currency, and diversity; the role of motivational and personality factors, etc. He investigated a concentric conceptual framework for user research. In the framework, he places the information users at the centre of ten systems, which are:

• The scientist within his culture.
• The scientist within a political system.
• The scientist within a membership group.
• The scientist within a reference group.
• The scientist within an invisible college.
• The scientist within a formal organization.
• The scientist within a work team.
• The scientist within his own head.
• The scientist within a legal/economical system.
• The scientist within a formal.